Rules we check, and where they come from

Bill C-36 (45-1): Protecting Privacy and Consumer Data Act — automated decision system transparency CA watching

As proposed: (1) make readily available, in plain language, a general account of the organization's use of any automated decision system to make predictions, recommendations or decisions about individuals that could have a legal or similarly significant effect on them (PPCDA s. 62(2)(c)); (2) on request, explain such a prediction, recommendation or decision, indicating the type of personal information used, its source, and the reasons or principal factors (s. 63(4)-(5)); (3) give the individual an opportunity to make written representations to an employee able to review it (s. 63(6)).

Who: As proposed: every organization in respect of personal information it collects, uses or discloses in the course of commercial activities, or about an employee of / applicant for employment with the organization in connection with the operation of a federal work, undertaking or business (PPCDA s. 6(1)). Bill is a government bill at second reading in the House of Commons; not law.

In force: unknown · Citation: Bill C-36, 45th Parl., 1st Sess., first reading June 15, 2026; PPCDA (Part 1, s. 1 of bill) ss. 2(1), 6, 62(2)(c), 63(4)-(6), 147; bill s. 52

“If the organization has used an automated decision system to make a prediction, recommendation or decision about the individual that could have a legal or similarly significant effect on them, the organization must, on request by the individual, provide them with an explanation”

Unknown:

• Whether/when C-36 will pass or be amended
• In-force date (Governor in Council order; none exists)
• Whether C-36 PPCDA would apply to provincially regulated employers' employee data in Ontario (s. 6(1)(b) covers only federal works/undertakings; interplay with provincial laws not read)
• Whether any other federal bill in 45-1 addresses automated decisions (not searched)

Source: Bill C-36, An Act to enact the Protecting Privacy and Consumer Data Act, to amend the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act and to make amendments to other Acts — First Reading · read 2026-11-08 · First reading, June 15, 2026 · entry version 1

Disclose use of AI to screen, assess or select applicants in public job postings ON in force

Include in the posting a statement disclosing the use of the artificial intelligence.

Who: Employers (including prospective employers) that advertise a publicly advertised job posting and use artificial intelligence to screen, assess or select applicants for the position. Part III.1 does not apply to an employer with fewer than 25 employees on the day the posting is posted. Excludes general recruitment campaigns or help-wanted signs not advertising a specific position, postings restricted to existing employees, and postings for work performed outside Ontario (or outside and in Ontario where the outside work is not a continuation of Ontario work).

In force: 2026-01-01 · Citation: ESA 2000, S.O. 2000, c. 41, ss. 8.1, 8.4(1)-(2); O. Reg. 476/24, ss. 1, 2(1)

“Every employer who advertises a publicly advertised job posting and who uses artificial intelligence to screen, assess or select applicants for the position shall include in the posting a statement disclosing the use of the artificial intelligence.”

Unknown:

• Required wording, placement or format of the AI statement (none prescribed in the text read)
• Exception criteria under s. 8.4(2): O. Reg. 476/24 as read prescribes none specific to s. 8.4
• Regulation's own commencement date (s. 6 shown as 'Omitted'); e-Laws consolidation period of O. Reg. 476/24 starts 2026-01-01
• Penalty amounts for contravention (not read)

Source: Employment Standards Act, 2000, S.O. 2000, c. 41 · read 2026-11-08 · Consolidation period from January 1, 2026 to the e-Laws currency date (e-Laws currency date: November 4, 2026); last amendment 2025, c. 13, Sched. 2 · entry version 1

Include expected compensation or compensation range in public job postings ON in force

Include in the posting the expected compensation or the range of expected compensation for the position. "Compensation" means wages. A range must not exceed $50,000 annually.

Who: Employers (including prospective employers) that advertise a publicly advertised job posting. Part III.1 does not apply to an employer with fewer than 25 employees on the day the posting is posted. Same posting exclusions as the AI disclosure entry. Exempt: positions with expected compensation, or a range ending at, more than $200,000 annually.

In force: 2026-01-01 · Citation: ESA 2000, s. 8.2(1)-(3); O. Reg. 476/24, ss. 1, 2(2), 3, 4

“Every employer who advertises a publicly advertised job posting shall include in the posting information about the expected compensation for the position or the range of expected compensation for the position.”

Pending change: Repeal provision exists but is not in force as of the e-Laws currency date; what (if anything) replaces s. 8.2 is unknown.

Unknown:

• Date (if any) of proclamation repealing s. 8.2 — not in force per e-Laws
• Penalty amounts for contravention (not read)

Source: Employment Standards Act, 2000, S.O. 2000, c. 41 · read 2026-11-08 · Consolidation period from January 1, 2026 to the e-Laws currency date (e-Laws currency date: November 4, 2026) · entry version 1

Notice and explanation of decisions based exclusively on automated processing QC in force

Inform the person concerned that the decision is based exclusively on automated processing, not later than when informing them of the decision. On request, inform them of (1) the personal information used, (2) the reasons and the principal factors and parameters that led to the decision, and (3) their right to have the personal information corrected. Give the person the opportunity to submit observations to a member of the enterprise's personnel who is in a position to review the decision.

Who: Any person carrying on an enterprise who uses personal information to render a decision based exclusively on an automated processing of such information.

In force: 2023-09-22 · Citation: CQLR c. P-39.1, s. 12.1 (enacted by 2021, c. 25, s. 110; in force per 2021, c. 25, s. 175)

“must inform the person concerned accordingly not later than at the time it informs the person of the decision.”

Unknown:

• Required form/channel of the notice (not specified in s. 12.1)
• Response deadline for the on-request explanation (not in s. 12.1; not read elsewhere)
• CAI guidance (cai.gouv.qc.ca) not read in this session

Source: Act respecting the protection of personal information in the private sector, chapter P-39.1 · read 2026-11-08 · À jour au 15 octobre 2026 (updated to October 15, 2026) · entry version 1